Subject: Re: [Qirg] updated I-D (-01) on connection setup

From: "Diego R. Lopez" <[email-masked]>
Date: Sun, 17 Nov 2019 07:37:20 +0000

Hi,

First of all, my apologies for replying to this so late. I totally overlooked the message and have only seen it while reviewing a set of messages connected to the Singapore meeting.

Though I guess we will have time to discuss this F2F, let me make a general remark on Patrick's question: Yes, I think what has to do with the control and management of the physical links in the scope of IRTF, as it is the case of IETF groups focused on optical networks (like CCAMP or ACTN) and in general the issues in the scope of NMRG. If we are talking about actual media physical properties, or Physics constructs to achieve quantum communication, certainly not.

Be goode,

--
"Esta vez no fallaremos, Doctor Infierno"

Dr Diego R. Lopez
Telefonica I+D
https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr2lopez/

e-mail: [email-masked]
Tel:         +34 913 129 041
Mobile:  +34 682 051 091
----------------------------------

On 23/10/2019, 15:41, "Gelard Patrick" <[email-masked]> wrote:

    Hi,

    Do you think that this first step concerning the physical layer is in the scope of IRTF ?

    Bests Regard
    /Patrick

    -----Message d'origine-----
    De : Diego R. Lopez <[email-masked]>
    Envoyé : mardi 22 octobre 2019 18:45
    À : Gelard Patrick <[email-masked]>
    Cc : [email-masked]
    Objet : Re: [Qirg] updated I-D (-01) on connection setup

    Hi

    On 22/10/2019, 17:16, "Gelard Patrick" <[email-masked]> wrote:

        By “physical connectivity”, do you mean quantum channel connectivity ? knowing that channels behave in very different ways in free-space or in optical fibers

    DRL> Yes. And defining the desired properties of these channels and how they could be built using current transmission means, or which are further requirements.

        By "quantum networking should start  by defining how to establish good-enough, reliable physical connections", do you mean, for example for optical fibers channel,   the use of transparent optical link (e.g wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)) for interconnected quantum communication nodes ? and for "reliable" the use of quantum error correction  or for entangled qubit transfer the use of entanglement distillation ?

    DRL> Yes. Links that can be used for quantum interactions, whether physical media can be shared or not for other interactions (the copropagation issue, quantum or classical), and the additional links or channels required for build such reliability.

    As I said, I think this would de the first steps to take. When we have a clear view of these matters and some "operational" experience I'd suggest we progress with other concepts, and probably not trying to look for analogies with current layers or packet formats. Layering looks like a reasonable strategy, but we should probably  consider a different structure, and with respect to packets I am not sure at all we can talk about packets of qubits, unless we could think of a binary-encoded representation of a quantum state...

    Be goode,

    --
    "Esta vez no fallaremos, Doctor Infierno"

    Dr Diego R. Lopez
    Telefonica I+D
    https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr2lopez/

    e-mail: [email-masked]
    Tel:         +34 913 129 041
    Mobile:  +34 682 051 091
    ----------------------------------

        De : Diego R. Lopez <[email-masked]>
        Envoyé : mardi 22 octobre 2019 14:39
        À : Gelard Patrick <[email-masked]>; Bruno Rijsman <[email-masked]>; Rodney Van Meter <rdv=[email-masked]>
        Cc : Rodney Van Meter <[email-masked]>; Takaaki Matsuo <[email-masked]>; [email-masked]
        Objet : Re: [Qirg] updated I-D (-01) on connection setup

        My point was that, whatever the foundation (P+M or entanglement), the foreseeable quantum connections will require a physical path setup. And, since we cannot rely on the availability of pervasive, all-to-all, physical connectivity, quantum networking should start  by defining how to establish good-enough, reliable physical connections. And here is where the experience currently being generated in QKD could be of help.

        Be goode,

        --
        "Esta vez no fallaremos, Doctor Infierno"

        Dr Diego R. Lopez
        Telefonica I+D
        https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr2lopez/

        e-mail: mailto:[email-masked]
        Tel:         +34 913 129 041
        Mobile:  +34 682 051 091
        ----------------------------------

        On 14/10/2019, 11:02, "Gelard Patrick" <mailto:[email-masked]> wrote:

        Hi,

        The QKD deployments being built in the short term are they not based on Prepare-and-measure (P&M) scheme (which is concerned with direct transmission of qubit : scheme where the quantum optical signals used for QKD are prepared by Alice and sent to Bob for measurement) rather than entanglement-bases scheme  ( Entanglement-based schemes where entangled states are prepared externally to Alice and Bob ) ? Schemes where entanglement is generated within Alice can still be considered "prepare-and-measure", but this seems to be a special case and not a general case.

        /Patrick

        De : Qirg <mailto:[email-masked]> De la part de Diego R. Lopez
        Envoyé : lundi 14 octobre 2019 09:53
        À : Bruno Rijsman <mailto:[email-masked]>; Rodney Van Meter <mailto:rdv=[email-masked]>
        Cc : Rodney Van Meter <mailto:[email-masked]>; Takaaki Matsuo <mailto:[email-masked]>; mailto:[email-masked]
        Objet : Re: [Qirg] updated I-D (-01) on connection setup

        Hi,

        Let me chime in to support Bruno’s view, and to point you to a paper in which we discussed the application of GMPLS to build optical paths for QKD:
        http://dl.ifip.org/db/conf/ondm/ondm2017/1570339116.pdf

        I have shared with some of you the idea that some (if not many) of the principles for a future Quantum Internet can be experimented in the QKD deployments being built in the short term. I had even the intention of starting a draft on this, though it is becoming difficult given the height of my to-do stack. Anyway. I’d be happy to discuss this on the list and in Singapore…

        Be goode,

        --
        "Esta vez no fallaremos, Doctor Infierno"

        Dr Diego R. Lopez
        Telefonica I+D
        https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr2lopez/

        e-mail: mailto:[email-masked]
        Tel:         +34 913 129 041
        Mobile:  +34 682 051 091
        ----------------------------------

        On 14/10/2019, 07:48, "Qirg on behalf of Bruno Rijsman" <mailto:[email-masked] on behalf of mailto:[email-masked]> wrote:

        On Sep 12, 2019, at 6:43 AM, Rodney Van Meter <mailto:rdv=[email-masked]> wrote:

        4. Wojciech asked if segment routing (SR) could figure into this, and I have only a dilettante’s understanding of SR, so I can’t say but would like to investigate.

        In short, I think probably not, at least not in a literal way, i.e. using similar packet formats or control protocols (at best some general ideas could be borrowed)

        The main characteristic of segment routing (SR) is that each forwarded packet itself contains a sequence (stack) of segment identifiers (SIDs).

        Each SID can be thought of as an instruction that describes what a particular forwarding node should do with the packet.

        These SIDs can take the form of an MPLS label or an IPv6 header.

        After a SID is processed, it removed from the stack. The remaining stack of SIDs is used as instructions for the remaining nodes further downstream the path.

        The most typical (but not the only way) of using SIDs is to explicitly encode the entire forwarding route for a single packet into the header of the packet itself. Think of it as a form of source routing.

        These SIDs are used instead of (or sometimes in addition to) to destination addresses or connection identifiers to make hop-by-hop forwarding decisions.

        There are some difficulties applying this concept to quantum networks:

        1. As mentioned in earlier e-mails, quantum networks are not really in the business of sending packets from A to Z. Instead they are in the business of creating a stream of Bell pairs between A to Z. So, there are not really an packets being sent from A to Z into which a stack of SIDs could be encoded.

        2.  Since qubits themselves don't have headers, you cannot encode SIDs into their non-existent header. (Although one could imagine that every qubit is accompanied by a twin classical packet, and that the SIDs are encoded into the twin classical packet.)

        If you squint your eyes very hard, you could see some analogies between SR and quantum networks. For example the concept of a segment "instruction" could be construed as an analogy to a RuleSet in Rodney's draft.

        I think it will be more fruitful to look into Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switched (GMPLS) classical networks as inspiration for a control-plane protocols for routing and traffic engineering in quantum networks.

        In GMPLS networks, there is already the concept of a classical packet-based control plane and a separate potentially non-packet based data plane e.g. an optical transport network (OTN) or a time division multiplexing (TDM) network. This appears to be a good analogy for quantum networks, because there we also have a classical packet-based control channel and a separate non-packet based quantum channel (where qubits don't have headers and are implicitly identified by their time-bit or similar).

        — Bruno

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